Sirah Atlas
Schlachten des frühen Islam
Von der ersten Konfrontation bei Badr unter dem Propheten Muhammad ﷺ bis zu den Feldzügen der rechtgeleiteten Kalifen: jede Schlacht Phase für Phase erzählt, auf Grundlage der klassischen Quellen, mit interaktiver Karte.
Sira des Propheten ﷺ
11- 624 n. Chr. / 2 AH
Die Schlacht von Badr
Die erste große Schlacht der islamischen Geschichte. Am 17. Ramadan 2 n. H. (13. März 624) besiegten 313 Muslime unter der Führung des Propheten ﷺ ein quraischitisches Heer von etw…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 624 n. Chr. / 2 AH
The Siege of Banu Qaynuqaʿ
Weeks after Badr, the first of the three Jewish tribes of Madinah broke with the covenant of the city. The immediate cause was an assault on a Muslim woman in their market and the …
- 625 n. Chr. / 3 AH
Die Schlacht von Uhud
Die prüfende Schlacht am Fuße des Berges Uhud. Am 7. Schawwal 3 n. H. (23. März 625) kämpften 700 Muslime unter der Führung des Propheten ﷺ gegen ein quraischitisches Heer von 3.00…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 625 n. Chr. / 4 AH
The Siege of Banu Nadir
The second break came when Banu Nadir, asked to contribute to a blood-price under the covenant, agreed and then planned to drop a millstone on the Prophet ﷺ from a roof while he wa…
- 627 n. Chr. / 5 AH
Die Schlacht am Graben
Im Schawwal des fünften Jahres nach der Hidschra (627 n. Chr.) belagerte eine Koalition von etwa 10.000 Mann, Quraisch, Ghatafan und Verbündete, die Stadt Medina. Auf den Rat von S…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 628 n. Chr. / 7 AH
The Battle of Khaybar
In Muharram of the seventh year after the Hijrah the Prophet ﷺ marched on Khaybar, the fortified oasis in the north whose chiefs had raised the confederates against Madinah two yea…
- 629 n. Chr. / 8 AH
The Battle of Muʾtah
Three thousand men were sent to the Byzantine frontier east of the Dead Sea after the killing of the Prophet's ﷺ envoy. At Muʾtah they met a force many times their size. The Prophe…
- 630 n. Chr. / 8 AH
The Conquest of Mecca
When Quraysh broke the treaty of al-Hudaybiyah by backing an ally against Khuzaʿah, the Prophet ﷺ moved on Mecca with ten thousand men. The army camped at Marr al-Zahran and lit te…
- 630 n. Chr. / 8 AH
The Battle of Hunayn
Two weeks after Mecca fell, Hawazin and Thaqif gathered under Malik ibn ʿAwf to fight the new power before it settled. Twelve thousand Muslims marched out, and some of them said al…
- 630 n. Chr. / 8 AH
The Siege of Taʾif
What was left of Thaqif after Hunayn shut itself inside the walls of Taʾif with a year's stores. The Muslims invested the town, used a mangonel and a testudo against the wall, and …
- 630 n. Chr. / 9 AH
The Expedition to Tabuk
Word came that Byzantium was massing on the northern frontier. The Prophet ﷺ called the army out openly, in the worst heat, at harvest, over seven hundred kilometres of desert — th…
De Rechtgeleide Khaliefen
13- 632 n. Chr. / 11 AH
Khalid ibn al-Walid ﵁ against Tulayha at Buzakhah
Khalid ibn al-Walid ﵁ leads the first army of the Ridda wars against the false prophet Tulayha al-Asadi and his Ghatafan allies. Four phases: the advance from Medina, the martyrdom…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 632 n. Chr. / 12 AH
The Battle of al-Yamamah
The bloodiest battle of the Ridda wars. Khalid ibn al-Walid ﵁ against Musaylimah and the Banu Hanifa in al-Yamamah. Nine phases: the advance, the first clash, the retreat to the ca…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 633 n. Chr. / 12 AH
Khalid ibn al-Walid ﵁'s Iraq Campaign: Kazima to Hira
Khalid ibn al-Walid ﵁ opens the Sasanian front. Six phases: the Battle of Chains at Kazima, the Battle of al-Madhar, the Battle of Walaja with its famous pincer movement, the Battl…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 636 n. Chr. / 15 AH
The Battle of Yarmuk
Khalid ibn al-Walid ﵁ defeats the great Byzantine army of Heraclius at the Yarmuk valley. Six phases: the approach, Khalid's feigned retreat, the ambush in the wadi, the fight at t…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 636 n. Chr. / 16 AH
The Battle of al-Qadisiyyah
Saʿd ibn Abi Waqqas ﵁ defeats the main army of the Sassanid empire under Rustam ibn Farrukhzad. Six phases: the approach along the Atiq canal, the "Day of Disorder" with the first …
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 637 n. Chr. / 17 AH
Siege and Fall of Jerusalem & the Umariyya Treaty
Abu ʿUbayda ibn al-Jarrah ﵁ surrounds Jerusalem; Patriarch Sophronius demands that only the caliph may conclude the treaty. ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab ﵁ travels in person from Medina to …
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 642 n. Chr. / 21 AH
Nahavand — Fath al-Futuh
Nuʿman ibn Muqarrin al-Muzani ﵁ defeats the last organized Sassanid force in the mountain valley of Nahavand. Six phases: the approach through the mountain pass, the feigned retrea…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 647 n. Chr. / 27 AH
The Battle of Sbeitla (Sufetula)
ʿAbdullah ibn Saʿd ﵁ leads twenty thousand horsemen from Egypt into Ifriqiya. At Sufetula (Sbeitla) they meet the army of the Patrician Gregory, exarch of Africa, with his Berber a…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 655 n. Chr. / 34 AH
The Battle of the Masts (Dhat al-Sawari)
Off the Lycian coast near Phoenix, the Muslims under ʿAbdullah ibn Saʿd ibn Abi Sarh ﵁ defeat the Byzantine fleet of Emperor Constans II. By binding their ships together with ropes…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 656 n. Chr. / 35 AH
Siege and Martyrdom of ʿUthman ﵁
Dhul-Hijjah 35 AH: rebels from Egypt, Kufa and Basra surround Medina and besiege the house of ʿUthman ﵁. Six phases: the gathering of the rebels, the encirclement and first demands…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 656 n. Chr. / 36 AH
The Battle of the Camel (Jamal)
Outside Basra, ʿAli ﵁ meets the coalition of Talha ﵁, Zubayr ﵁ and Aisha ﵂, who have ridden out to demand retribution for the blood of ʿUthman ﵁. After three days of negotiations, …
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 657 n. Chr. / 37 AH
The Battle of Siffin
On the Euphrates plain of Siffin, west of modern Raqqa, the armies of ʿAli ﵁ and Muʿawiya ﵁ meet in the largest pitched battle between Muslims in the first fitnah. Months of skirmi…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 658 n. Chr. / 38 AH
The Battle of Nahrawan
At the Nahrawan canal east of Mada'in, ʿAli ﵁ destroys the Khariji rebellion in a brief but decisive action. The Khawarij, discontented with the arbitration of Siffin, have gathere…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen
Geschichte des Islams in Westafrika
9- 1235 n. Chr. / 632 AH
Die Schlacht von Kirina
Um das Jahr 1235 besiegte Sundiata Keita mit seiner Mande-Koalition das Sosso-Heer von Sumanguru Kanté in der Ebene von Kirina. Der Sieg legte das Fundament für das Mali-Reich und …
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 1473 n. Chr. / 877 AH
The Siege of Djenné
In 1473 the island city of Djenné, in the inland delta of the Niger, passed out of Mali's orbit into the Songhay state after a blockade that closed the water and the land together.…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 1493 n. Chr. / 898 AH
The Battle of Anfao
On 12 April 1493, outside Gao, the Songhay general Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr Ture defeated Sonni Baru, son and heir of Sunni Ali Ber. The Sonni dynasty ended on that field and the Aski…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 1591 n. Chr. / 1000 AH
Die Schlacht von Tondibi
Am 13. März 1591 besiegte eine saadisch-marokkanische Expedition von viertausend Mann unter Judar Pascha das Songhai-Heer Askia Ishaqs II. bei Tankondibogho nahe Tondibi, nördlich …
- 1804 n. Chr. / 1219 AH
The Battle of Tsuntua
Late 1804: weeks after being thrown back from the wall of Alkalawa, the jama'a of Usman dan Fodio ﵀ went out again and was destroyed in open ground beside the same capital. Between…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 1804 n. Chr. / 1219 AH
Die Schlacht von Tabkin Kwotto
Die erste große Feldschlacht des Fulani-Dschihad. Am 21. Juni 1804 besiegte die Dschamāʿa Usman dan Fodios unter dem Befehl Abdullahi dan Fodios und Umaru al-Kammus ein zahlenmäßig…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 1808 n. Chr. / 1223 AH
Die Schlacht von Alkalawa
Der Fall Alkalawas, der Hauptstadt Gobirs, im Oktober 1808. Unter Führung von Muhammad Bello, Ali Jedo und Aliyu Jedo wurde die Stadt nach drei zuvor gescheiterten Angriffen eingen…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 1818 n. Chr. / 1233 AH
The Battle of Noukouma
On 21 March 1818 a small, lightly armed jama'a under Seku Amadu ﵀ met a far larger Bamana-led coalition on waterlogged ground in the inland delta of the Niger. The coalition attack…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen - 1903 n. Chr. / 1321 AH
The Fall of Sokoto and the Battle of Burmi
In March 1903 the twelfth Caliph of Sokoto chose hijra over submission and walked east out of his capital with several thousand followers, repeating the withdrawal by which Usman d…
Interaktive Schlachtkarte öffnen
De Helden van Islam
3- 1845 n. Chr. / 1261 AH
Dargo and the Biscuit Disaster
In the summer of 1845 Prince Vorontsov marched about eighteen thousand men into the Chechen mountains to take Imam Shamil's ﵀ headquarters at Dargo, and took it: the village was em…
- 1857 n. Chr. / 1273 AH
The Siege of Fort de Médine
Between April and July 1857 al-Hajj Umar Tall ﵀ brought an army the French put at about twenty thousand fighters against a French fort held by sixty-four trained defenders, and cou…
- 1923 n. Chr. / 1341 AH
The Fight at Bir Bilal
In 1923 the Italian army in Cyrenaica pushed south to take the desert wells, because whoever held the water held the country the resistance fell back into. At Bir Bilal, a well for…
Oriëntalisme
1- 1873 n. Chr. / 1322 AH
Aceh: the Line, and the Advice that Broke It
The Dutch invaded Aceh in 1873 and were thrown back with their commander dead. They took the capital the next year and won nothing by it: the sultan left, the resistance went inlan…